红枣气体射流冲击干燥收缩特性研究

Chinese jujube originated in China and has a long historical standing. China is the only country which can produce a great amount of Chinese jujube in the world. Modern research showed that the nutrition of Chinese jujube is abundant. Chinese jujube has great medicinal and food value, with high economic value and good prospects for development. Shrinkage characteristics of dates generally refer to volume shrinkage characteristics of whole dates. Large fruit and plump grain appearance of dates is the first choice of consumers to buy elements. The volume of dried jujube points to the consumer’s heart, and is an important indicator of consumers whether to buy. Jujube processing enterprises grade the date in accordance with its size, different grades dates have different value and price. Therefore, drying is the most important steps during the dates processing as it affects directly the quality of the product, and the shrinkage characteristics is the most important quality characteristic of Chinese jujube after drying. However, the traditional natural desiccation and desiccation in the drying room of the red dates has many problems. The conventional drying method for Chinese jujube has some disadvantages of severe shrinkage, long drying time and large energy consumption etc. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of dried Chinese jujube and reduce the shrinkage, it is imperative to replace the traditional drying method with the modern technologies. Air impingement drying technology was applied to dry Chinese jujube. The drying characteristics of shrinkage, moisture effective diffusivity considering shrinkage characteristics and the activation energy of Chinese jujube shrinkage were investigated under different air temperatures (55, 60, 65 and 70℃) and air velocities (6, 9, 12 and 15m/s). The dynamic changes of the regular pattern for the shrinkage characteristic of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process were studied, the results showed that the volume relative shrinkage ratio of Chinese jujube appeared to increase and then decrease with the increase of air temperature and air velocity. Considering shrinkage characteristics, the moisture effective diffusivity of Chinese jujube in the air impingement drying process through the Fick’s second law was obtained. The diffusivity appeared to increase and then decrease with the decrease in moisture content in dry basis of Chinese jujube. The Arrhenius equation calculated the shrinkage activation energy of the Chinese jujube was 1281kJ/mol. This research provided technical basis for shrinkage characteristics of Chinese jujube using air impingement drying technology.     

抗裂与易裂枣内源激素含量和细胞壁代谢相关酶活性比较

 以枣抗裂果品种‘圆铃枣’和易裂果品种‘俊枣’为材料,测定了果实生长发育曲线、果 形指数及种子败育率,并对果皮、果肉、种子中内源激素含量及果皮、果肉中细胞壁代谢相关酶的活性 进行了检测。结果表明,‘俊枣’果形指数和种子败育率均显著高于‘圆铃枣’。果实发育后期‘俊枣’ 果皮中的GA3 含量、果肉中的IAA 含量明显高于‘圆铃枣’,而‘圆铃枣’果肉及种子中的ABA 含量高 于‘俊枣’;‘俊枣’果肉及种子中（GA3 + IAA + ZT）/ABA 的比值在整个果实生长发育期均高于‘圆铃 枣’。果实生长发育后期‘俊枣’果皮中的果胶酶及纤维素酶活性高于‘圆铃枣’,且‘俊枣’果肉中的 POD 及PPO 活性也较高。以上结果显示,枣果实生长发育后期易裂品种‘俊枣’果肉中的IAA 积累较多, 而抗裂品种‘圆铃枣’果肉及种子中ABA 含量显著高于易裂品种;易裂品种‘俊枣’果肉及种子中（GA3 + IAA + ZT）/ABA 的比值较高,果皮中的果胶酶、纤维素酶活性影响裂果的发生,其POD 及PPO 活性相 对较高。     

枣抗裂果新品种‘曙光4 号’

 ‘曙光4 号’为晚熟枣新品种。果实卵圆形或长圆形,平均单果质量17.4 g,鲜枣可溶性固 形物含量26.6%,可滴定酸0.30%,维生素C 含量为5.18 mg · g-1。早实,丰产,抗裂果,在河北枣区10 月上旬成熟。     

大枣低糖果丹皮的研制

院试验以大平顶枣为主要原料,调节枣肉、复合胶、高麦芽糖浆及柠檬酸的添加量研制出了大枣低糖果丹皮,并采用正交实验对配方进行优化。结果表明,大枣低糖果丹皮的最佳配方为枣肉浆80.34%、复合胶14.01%、高麦芽糖浆5.61%、柠檬酸0.04%,该产品具有浓郁的枣香味,酸甜可口,可为大枣的综合利用提供一条新途径。     

不同栽培方式对直播酸枣种苗生长指标的影响

为确定庆阳市酸枣育苗最佳播种模式,以当地野生酸枣为材料,研究不同栽培方式对直播酸枣种苗生长指标的影响,结果表明,宽窄行覆膜处理出苗最整齐,出苗率最高,可达87.23%;植株长势最强,主茎基粗达7.65 mm,极显著高于其他2个处理。打顶处理主茎基部最粗,达8.02 mm,但与其他2个处理差异不显著。综合出苗率、种苗各生长指标,庆阳市酸枣最适播种方式为宽窄行覆膜,种苗无需打顶处理。     

阿克苏地区红枣产业比较优势分析

以阿克苏地区红枣产业发展为依托,结合比较优势理论的原理、方法,分析论证了阿克苏地区红枣产业发展的状况,根据比较优势的结果得出阿克苏地区红枣效率优势相对较弱、规模优势明显、综合比较优势呈逐年递增态势等结果,并就优化、推进阿克苏地区红枣产业发展提出了改善品种结构,提升科技含量、加强产业组织经营、实施品牌发展战略等对策和建议。     

哈密大枣叶片不定芽再生体系研究

建立哈密大枣叶片离体再生体系,为遗传转化奠定基础.采用哈密大枣叶片为外植体,研究基本培养基、激素浓度、暗培养时间、AgNO3等因素对离体叶片不定芽诱导的影响,并获得再生植株.MS、NN69、WPM三种培养基相比较,NN69更适合做为诱导愈伤组织的基本培养基;TDZ诱导叶片再生不定芽的效果显著优于 BA;再生培养基中添加1 mg/L AgNO3对不定芽的形成有显著的影响（P ＜0．05）;培养初期经过2周避光培养更有利于提高再生效率;采用10 mg/L维生素 C浸泡15 min可以防止褐化,并能提高不定芽再生率;培养基中添加聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）或者维生素C,不定芽再生率无显著提高（P ＞0．05）;培养基添加活性炭（AC）会抑制外植体的分化.叶片在 NN69＋1．0 mg/L TDZ＋0．20 mg/L IBA＋AgNO31．0 mg/L培养基上,暗培养2周后转入光照培养,出芽外植体转入 MS＋1 mg/L 6GBA＋0．20 mg/L IBA 不定芽再生效果最好.不定芽生长至3 cm 以上时,转至0．40 mg/L IBA的1/2MS培养基上进行诱导生根.     

枣园地面覆盖对土壤地温和红枣生长发育的影响

[目的]以南疆枣园生态系统为研究对象,研究不同地表覆盖模式对果园土壤温度和红枣生长发育的影响,寻找最优地表覆盖模式,为红枣高产优质生产提供参考.[方法]在翻耕覆膜、翻耕秸秆覆盖、翻耕裸地和免耕裸地条件下,对5年骏枣枣园的土壤温度、枣果生长发育、枣果生长动态、枣外观品质进行测量.[结果]0 ～25 cm土层土壤平均温度翻耕覆膜＞翻耕裸地＞免耕裸地＞翻耕秸秆覆盖.在生育期内,秸秆覆盖处理的综合生长量（二次枝长、二次枝粗）高于其他3个处理,促进枣树生长发育.不同覆盖处理措施中,秸秆覆盖下的枣品质最好,覆膜次之.[结论]综合考虑不同覆盖措施的效应,秸秆覆盖比较适宜新疆地区红枣生产中推广应用.     

灵武长枣嫁接育苗技术

文章总结了经二改(改进嫁接方法和嫁接部位)、二优(优选砧木培育方法、优质接穗)覆膜播种酸枣仁培育灵武长枣的嫁接育苗技术。     

我国红枣去核机的研究现状与发展趋势

红枣加工产品对于红枣销售渠道的拓宽、红枣产业化链条的延长具有重要意义。去核作为红枣精深加工生产中的关键环节,使用优质、高效的去核机可以大大降低红枣去核的劳动强度、提高生产效率、保证去核红枣的安全卫生。主要介绍了目前我国红枣去核机的发展现状,指出了市场上现有各种去核机产品在实际生产过程中存在的问题,分析了我国红枣去核机的发展趋势。